Article I court

An Article I court is a special type of court created by Congress under Article I of the U.S. Constitution to handle specific issues, such as legislative disputes, military matters, or administrative cases. Unlike Article III courts (like federal courts), which are part of the judicial branch and have judges with lifetime appointments, Article I courts have judges who serve for fixed terms and are often part of government agencies. These courts provide expertise in particular areas and are designed to efficiently resolve specialized legal matters without the full scope of a traditional judiciary.