Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in the brain or other parts of the body, where arteries and veins are directly connected without the usual small vessel network (capillaries). This irregular connection can disrupt normal blood flow, leading to risks such as bleeding, stroke, or neurological symptoms depending on its size and location. AVMs are usually congenital, meaning present from birth, but they may not cause problems until they grow or rupture. Treatment options include surgical removal, embolization, or radiation therapy to reduce the risk of complications.