Aromatic Heterocycles

Aromatic heterocycles are ring-shaped chemical structures that contain at least one atom other than carbon—such as nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur—within the ring. These rings exhibit special stability and unique properties due to a phenomenon called aromaticity, where electrons are delocalized, or spread out evenly across the ring. This structure is common in many biological molecules, pharmaceuticals, and materials. The presence of different atoms in the ring influences its reactivity and function, making aromatic heterocycles crucial in chemistry, medicine, and material science.