Arabic music theory

Arabic music theory is rooted in a system called "maqam," which are melodic modes that define scale patterns, theatrical ornamentation, and emotional expression. Each maqam has specific intervals, emphasizing microtones—notes between the standard Western notes—creating distinct tonal flavors. Improvisation, or "taqsim," is central, allowing musicians to explore and develop melodies within a maqam. Rhythms, known as "iqa," are complex and cyclic, guiding the tempo and percussion patterns. This framework provides structure while allowing expressive nuance, blending precise scale constructions with improvisational freedom to evoke deep emotional and spiritual responses.