Arabic music in Al-Andalus

Arabic music in Al-Andalus (medieval Muslim Spain) was a sophisticated and influential tradition that blended Arabic, Byzantine, and local Iberian elements. Characterized by intricate melodies, poetic lyrics, and innovative rhythms, it thrived in courts and gatherings, reflecting cultural exchange and scholarly pursuits. Instruments like the oud (lute), qanun (zither), and ney (flute) were prominent. Music played a key role in social, spiritual, and intellectual life, fostering a rich artistic environment. This tradition contributed significantly to the development of later European musical styles and preserved classical Arabic musicology.