Appalachian coal mining

Appalachian coal mining involves extracting coal from underground or surface mines in the Appalachian region, which spans parts of 13 states in the eastern United States. The coal is used primarily for electricity generation and industrial processes. Mining methods include traditional underground tunnels and surface open-pit techniques. While it provides economic benefits and jobs, it also poses environmental challenges such as habitat disruption, water pollution, and air quality concerns. The industry has experienced declines due to shifting energy policies and cleaner energy alternatives, prompting ongoing debates about balancing economic needs with environmental and health considerations.