apoptotic pathways

Apoptosis is the body's way of gently eliminating damaged or unwanted cells. It involves a controlled process where cells activate internal signals that lead to their own destruction, breaking down necessary components without harming surrounding tissue. There are two main pathways: the intrinsic pathway, triggered by internal cell stress or damage, and the extrinsic pathway, initiated by signals from other cells. Both pathways activate enzymes called caspases that systematically dismantle the cell. This process is vital for maintaining healthy tissues, preventing cancer, and supporting development by removing cells that are no longer needed or could be harmful.