Apis mellifera venom

Apis mellifera venom is the specialized fluid injected by honeybees through their stingers when they defend themselves or their hive. It contains a mixture of proteins, enzymes, and peptides that can cause pain, inflammation, and allergic reactions in humans. The main component, melittin, disrupts cell membranes and triggers pain signals. While generally harmless to most, it can be dangerous for allergic individuals, leading to severe reactions. The venom’s composition varies slightly depending on the bee and conditions, but its primary role is to deter predators and protect the colony.