antiporters

Antiporters are specialized proteins in cell membranes that help regulate the movement of molecules. They work by transporting two different substances in opposite directions simultaneously—one in, the other out. This process uses the energy from the movement of one molecule down its concentration gradient to drive the movement of the other molecule against its gradient. Antiporters play vital roles in maintaining the cell’s balance of ions and nutrients, supporting functions like pH regulation, nerve signaling, and fluid balance in the body. They are essential for proper cell operation and overall health.