Antigen processing

Antigen processing is the body's way of identifying and preparing foreign substances, like bacteria or viruses, for immune attack. When such a invader enters the body, immune cells called antigen-presenting cells (APCs) break down its proteins into small pieces called antigens. These antigens are then displayed on the surface of the APCs, allowing other immune cells, like T-cells, to recognize and respond to the threat. This process is essential for the immune system to distinguish harmful invaders from the body's own cells, enabling targeted and effective immune responses.