Antibody Structure

Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria and viruses. They consist of four parts: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, connected by flexible regions. The tips of the "Y" contain specific regions called antigen-binding sites, which are uniquely shaped to recognize and latch onto particular molecules (antigens) on invaders. This precise fit helps the immune system target and eliminate threats effectively. Overall, antibodies act as tailored defenders, recognizing unique features of harmful microbes to help protect the body.