Anti-civilization theory

Anti-civilization theory critiques the idea that human progress is inherently positive, arguing instead that civilization—organized societies, technology, and institutions—has often led to environmental harm, social inequality, and loss of personal freedom. It views civilization as a construct that suppresses individual and natural instincts, creating problems rather than solving them. Advocates may call for decentralization, returning to simpler lifestyles, or questioning the values that prioritize progress over well-being and ecological balance. In essence, it challenges the notion that civilization is the ultimate goal, emphasizing the need to question and possibly rethink our societal structures.