Annealing (optimization technique)

Annealing is an optimization technique inspired by the process of cooling metal to remove defects and improve its structure. In algorithms, it involves starting with a solution and making random changes to explore possible options. Initially, the algorithm allows large changes, even if they seem worse, to escape local optima. Over time, it gradually reduces the size and frequency of these changes, focusing on refining the best solutions. This balance helps find a near-optimal solution efficiently, especially for complex problems where exhaustive search isn't practical. Annealing mimics natural cooling to achieve a stable, optimal state.