Andean Altitude Physiology

Andean altitude physiology refers to how people living high in the mountains adapt to reduced oxygen levels at high elevations, often above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet). These adaptations include increased red blood cell production to carry more oxygen, larger lung capacity, and enhanced blood flow. Such changes help prevent altitude sickness and allow sustained activity despite lower oxygen availability. Over generations, Andean populations have developed these natural adaptations, enabling them to thrive where oxygen is scarce, demonstrating remarkable human resilience and environmental adaptation.