Ancient West African kingdoms

Ancient West African kingdoms, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, flourished between the 6th and 16th centuries. These kingdoms were powerful trading hubs, benefiting from rich natural resources like gold and salt. They developed sophisticated economies, cultures, and governance systems. Notably, the Mali Empire's leader, Mansa Musa, is renowned for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca. The cities of Timbuktu and Gao became centers of learning and trade, attracting scholars and merchants from across the world. These kingdoms significantly contributed to Africa's heritage, influencing trade, culture, and education throughout the continent and beyond.