Ancient ship construction

Ancient ship construction involved selecting durable materials like wood, shaped and joined carefully using tools like adzes and drills. Builders designed the hull's shape for stability and seaworthiness, often layering planks in techniques such as lapstrake or mortise-and-tenon joints. Internal frames, known as ribs, provided structural support, while complex fastening methods like pegs and caulking ensured the vessel remained watertight. Craftsmanship also included installing masts, sails, and rigging. The process combined engineering principles with practical craftsmanship, resulting in vessels capable of long voyages across oceans and rivers, reflecting extensive knowledge of materials, hydrodynamics, and maritime needs.