ancient Mediterranean cultures

Ancient Mediterranean cultures, including the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians, and Byzantines, thrived around the Mediterranean Sea. They influenced art, philosophy, politics, and trade, developing advanced civilizations with complex societies. The Egyptians built monumental monuments like pyramids; the Greeks laid foundations for democracy, philosophy, and science; the Romans created vast legal systems and engineering marvels; Phoenicians excelled in navigation and trade; Byzantines preserved Roman and Greek traditions during the Middle Ages. These cultures interacted through trade, war, and diplomacy, shaping European and Middle Eastern history and laying foundations for modern Western civilization.