Ancient Indian civilization

Ancient Indian civilization, one of the world’s oldest, flourished around the Indus Valley (circa 2600-1900 BCE) with advanced cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, showcasing sophisticated urban planning. Later, the Vedic period saw the development of spiritual and philosophical texts, laying the foundation for Hinduism. India has a rich history of innovations in mathematics (like zero), science, art, and architecture. It was a vibrant hub for trade, culture, and learning, influencing neighboring regions. Over millennia, it evolved through dynasties and empires, leaving enduring contributions in religion, philosophy, and societal structures still relevant today.