anatomy of the thorax

The thorax, or chest area, houses vital organs like the heart and lungs. It is framed by the rib cage, which protects these organs and provides structure. The rib cage is made of 12 pairs of ribs attached to the spine at the back and connected to the sternum (breastbone) at the front. Inside, the diaphragm—a large muscle beneath the lungs—helps with breathing. The thorax also contains major blood vessels, nerves, and parts of the esophagus and trachea, all working together to support circulation, respiration, and protection of essential organs.