AMPK (5' AMP-activated protein kinase)

AMPK, or 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, is an enzyme that acts as a cellular energy sensor. It detects when energy levels are low, such as during exercise or fasting, by monitoring the ratio of AMP to ATP (main energy molecules). When energy is scarce, AMPK activates pathways that generate energy and inhibits those that consume it unnecessarily. This helps maintain energy balance, promoting processes like fat breakdown and glucose uptake, while reducing energy-intensive activities. AMPK plays a crucial role in cellular health, metabolism, and overall energy regulation, impacting conditions like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular health.