alkaloid biosynthesis pathway

Alkaloid biosynthesis is the process by which plants produce natural compounds called alkaloids, which often serve for defense or signaling. It starts with basic building blocks like amino acids, which are the plant’s nutrient units. These building blocks undergo a series of chemical reactions, involving enzymes that modify and connect molecules, forming complex structures. The process is tightly regulated and varies among plants. The resulting alkaloids can have potent effects on animals and humans, including medicines like morphine or stimulants like caffeine, reflecting their diverse roles in nature and potential applications.