Alcohol-based hand rubs

Alcohol-based hand rubs are antiseptic solutions containing alcohol (usually ethanol or isopropanol) used to quickly disinfect hands when soap and water aren’t available. They work by killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi on the skin's surface through protein denaturation and cell membrane disruption. Effective when hands aren’t visibly dirty, they are convenient for reducing the spread of infections in healthcare, food handling, and daily activities. Proper use involves applying a sufficient amount, covering all surfaces, and rubbing until dry, typically in about 20 seconds. These hand rubs are a vital tool in maintaining hygiene and preventing disease transmission.