Al-Masmak Fortress

Al-Masmak Fortress is a historic clay and mud-brick building located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Built in 1865, it played a key role in the founding of modern Riyadh and the unification of Saudi Arabia. The fortress served as a military stronghold and royal palace, symbolizing political power and independence. Its thick walls and towers provided defense, and it now functions as a museum showcasing Saudi history and heritage. Visitors can explore its preserved architecture, learn about its significance, and gain insight into the kingdom’s formation and sovereignty.