AIRE (Autoimmune Regulator)

AIRE (Autoimmune Regulator) is a gene that plays a crucial role in preventing autoimmune diseases. It helps the thymus gland produce T-cells—immune cells that fight infections—while ensuring they do not mistakenly attack the body's own tissues. AIRE allows developing T-cells to be exposed to a wide range of the body's proteins, teaching the immune system to recognize self from non-self. If AIRE is not functioning properly, the immune system may attack the body’s own tissues, leading to autoimmune conditions such as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome. Essentially, AIRE acts as a quality control system, promoting immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.