Ainsworth attachment theory

Ainsworth's attachment theory explores how early relationships between a child and their caregiver shape the child's sense of security and emotional development. It identifies different attachment styles based on the child's reactions to separation and reunion: secure (confident and comforted), avoidant (independent but emotionally distant), and anxious-ambivalent (clingy and worried). These patterns form through the caregiver's responsiveness—consistent, loving care fosters secure attachments, while inconsistent or neglectful care can lead to insecure attachments. These early bonds influence how individuals manage relationships and stress throughout life.