Agriculture in the Song Dynasty

During the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD), agriculture advanced significantly, driven by improved farming techniques, tools, and irrigation methods. Farmers cultivated rice, wheat, barley, and millet, supporting population growth. The use of water-powered mills, improved plows, and crop rotation increased productivity. Land rights and tax systems encouraged efficient farming. The period saw the expansion of cultivated land and technological innovations like early fertilization methods. These developments contributed to economic stability and urban growth, making agriculture a vital foundation of Song Dynasty prosperity and allowing the economy to support a thriving urban culture and trade.