Agency in sociology

Agency in sociology refers to an individual’s capacity to make choices and act independently within the constraints of social structures and norms. It highlights the ability of people to influence their lives, challenge or reinforce societal expectations, and shape their own paths. While social factors like culture, institutions, and social class influence behavior, agency emphasizes that individuals are not merely passive; they have the power to make decisions, exercise creativity, and bring about change despite external influences. It balances understanding social forces with recognizing personal initiative and responsibility.