African Nationalist Movements

African nationalist movements emerged in the 20th century as groups sought independence from colonial rule and the establishment of sovereign nations. Influenced by global ideas of self-determination and anti-colonial sentiments, these movements aimed to address issues of racial discrimination, economic exploitation, and cultural oppression. Leaders like Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana and Nelson Mandela in South Africa played pivotal roles in rallying support for liberation. The movements varied in approach, some advocating peaceful protests, while others engaged in armed struggle. Ultimately, they sought to reclaim African identity and governance, leading to independence for many African countries in the mid to late 20th century.