African liberation struggles

African liberation struggles refer to a series of movements throughout the 20th century aimed at ending colonial rule and achieving independence across the continent. Many African countries were colonized by European powers, which imposed foreign governance and exploited local resources. Leaders and groups emerged to challenge this oppression, advocating for self-determination, social justice, and rights. Notable examples include the struggles in Algeria, Kenya, and South Africa, where figures like Nelson Mandela became iconic. These struggles often involved protests, armed resistance, and negotiations, ultimately leading to the decolonization of many African nations by the mid-20th century.