African liberation movements

African liberation movements were efforts by various African nations to gain independence from colonial rule imposed by European powers in the 20th century. These movements involved political activism, protests, and sometimes armed resistance to end foreign domination and establish self-governance. They were driven by a desire for political freedom, economic control, and cultural identity. Leaders like Nelson Mandela in South Africa and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana symbolized this struggle. Ultimately, these movements led to many countries achieving independence, transforming African nations into sovereign states and shaping their modern histories.