ADCS (Attitude Determination and Control System)

An Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) is the technology in a satellite or spacecraft responsible for understanding and adjusting its orientation in space. It accurately determines the spacecraft's position relative to Earth, stars, or other celestial bodies, using sensors like gyroscopes and star trackers. Then, it uses thrusters, reaction wheels, or magnetic torquers to make precise adjustments, ensuring the spacecraft's instruments or antennas point correctly. This system is vital for navigation, communication, data collection, and successful mission operations.