Adam Smith (The Wealth of Nations)

Adam Smith, in *The Wealth of Nations*, explains how individuals pursuing their own interests can unintentionally benefit society through a process called the "invisible hand." He argues that free markets, where people buy and sell voluntarily, lead to efficient allocation of resources, innovation, and economic growth. Smith emphasizes the importance of competition and limited government intervention to foster prosperity. His ideas laid the foundation for modern capitalism, highlighting that individual self-interest, when guided by market forces, can promote overall wealth and well-being for society.