Action and reaction

Action and reaction are fundamental physics principles described by Newton's Third Law. They state that for every force an object exerts on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first. This means forces always come in pairs; when you push against something, that object pushes back with equal strength. For example, when you jump off a boat, you push the boat backward (action), and the boat pushes you forward (reaction). These forces are simultaneous and equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, ensuring the balance of forces in interactions.