ACO algorithms

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a nature-inspired algorithm that mimics how real ants find the shortest path to food. Ants leave behind a chemical trail called pheromones, which guide other ants toward efficient routes. ACO algorithms simulate this process to solve complex problems like routing, scheduling, or optimization by having many virtual 'ants' explore solutions, favoring paths with stronger pheromone signals. Over time, the best routes are reinforced while less optimal ones fade away, leading the system to discover highly effective solutions in a way that balances exploration and exploitation.