ACO algorithm

The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is a method inspired by how real ants find the shortest path to food. Ants leave behind a chemical trail called pheromones, which influences other ants to follow similar paths. Over time, the shortest and most efficient routes have stronger pheromone signals, guiding more ants along them. The algorithm simulates this process: it explores multiple solutions, updates pheromone levels based on success, and gradually converges toward optimal or near-optimal solutions for complex problems like routing, scheduling, or network optimization.