Acids (e.g., citric acid, acetic acid)

Acids are chemical substances that release hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water, which give them their characteristic sour taste and ability to change the color of certain dyes. For example, citric acid, found in citrus fruits, imparts tartness, while acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, provides its sharp flavor. Acids play vital roles in biological processes, food preservation, and industry. They can vary in strength; some (like hydrochloric acid) are very potent, while others (like citric and acetic acids) are milder. Overall, acids are essential compounds that influence taste, chemistry, and biological life.