acidophiles

Acidophiles are microorganisms that thrive in highly acidic environments, often with pH levels below 3. They have special adaptations, such as durable cell membranes and enzymes that function optimally in low pH conditions, allowing them to survive and grow where most organisms cannot. These microorganisms are found naturally in places like acidic hot springs, sulfur springs, and acid mine drainage. Their unique ability to endure extreme acidity makes them important in industrial processes like bioleaching and wastewater treatment, as well as in studying life's adaptability to harsh environments.