ACID Principles

ACID principles ensure reliable database transactions. "Atomic" means each transaction is all-or-nothing, so partial updates don't occur. "Consistent" ensures that a transaction takes the database from one valid state to another, maintaining data integrity. "Isolated" prevents concurrent transactions from interfering with each other, preserving accuracy. "Durable" guarantees that once a transaction is confirmed, its changes are permanently stored, even if there’s a system failure. Together, ACID principles help databases operate reliably and accurately, ensuring data remains trustworthy despite errors, crashes, or concurrent access.