Acid-base equilibrium

Acid-base equilibrium describes a balanced state in a solution where acids (which release hydrogen ions, H⁺) and bases (which capture H⁺) are constantly reacting and rebalancing. When an acid reacts with a base, they form other substances, but this process keeps going back and forth until the system stabilizes at a certain point, called equilibrium. The pH measures how acidic or basic the solution is, based on the concentration of H⁺ ions. This balance is fundamental in many chemical and biological processes, ensuring systems function smoothly.