ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)

ACID is a set of principles that ensure reliable transactions in a database. Atomicity guarantees that a transaction is all-or-nothing: it completes fully or not at all. Consistency ensures that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another, adhering to rules. Isolation means transactions do not interfere with each other, preventing errors from concurrent operations. Durability assures that once a transaction is confirmed, its changes are permanently saved, even if there’s a system failure. Together, these principles maintain data integrity, accuracy, and reliability in database operations.