ABL (Atmospheric Boundary Layer) models

Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) models describe the lowest part of Earth's atmosphere, where the air is directly influenced by surface features like terrain, buildings, and vegetation. These models predict how wind, temperature, humidity, and turbulence behave close to the ground, which is essential for weather forecasting, pollution dispersion, and wind energy. They use mathematical equations to simulate interactions between the surface and the air above, capturing how factors like heat, moisture, and roughness affect atmospheric conditions. In essence, ABL models help us understand and predict the dynamic environment right at ground level.