ABD (All But Dissertation)

ABD, which stands for "All But Dissertation," refers to a stage in higher education where a doctoral student has completed all coursework and exams required for their PhD but has not yet finished the final research project—the dissertation. Essentially, they have completed most of the program and are close to earning their doctorate, but need to complete and defend their original research before officially obtaining the degree. This status indicates significant progress toward a PhD but not final completion.