Abd al-Malik

Abd al-Malik was a prominent Umayyad caliph who ruled from 685 to 705 AD. He is known for consolidating Islamic governance and reforming the administration of the empire. Abd al-Malik introduced Arabic as the official language of the administration, standardized currency, and commissioned the construction of significant architectural projects like the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. His reign marked a period of economic and cultural development, helping to establish a more unified Islamic identity across the vast territories of the Umayyad Caliphate at that time.