Abbasid Caliphs

The Abbasid Caliphs were Islamic rulers from the Abbasid dynasty, which took over the leadership of the Muslim world around 750 CE. They established Baghdad as their capital, fostering a golden age of cultural, scientific, and economic growth. The caliphs were both political and religious leaders, guiding the Muslim community and supporting advancements in arts, medicine, mathematics, and philosophy. Over time, their political power declined, and regional rulers gained independence, but they remained symbolically important religious figures until the Ottoman conquest in the 16th century. Their reign significantly shaped Islamic civilization and history.