A Theory of Justice (John Rawls)

John Rawls' "A Theory of Justice" proposes a framework for a just society based on fairness. He introduces the idea of the "original position," where individuals decide on principles of justice behind a "veil of ignorance," unaware of their own social status, wealth, or abilities. This encourages fairness, as people would want rules that protect everyone's rights. Rawls advocates for two main principles: equal basic rights for all and social and economic inequalities that benefit the least advantaged. His work emphasizes that justice is not merely about equal distribution but about fair opportunities and support for the most vulnerable.