A. A. Abrikosov

A. A. Abrikosov was a renowned Russian physicist known for his work on superconductivity, particularly for discovering the vortex state in type-II superconductors. These materials can conduct electricity without resistance when cold, but Abrikosov found that magnetic fields penetrate them in tiny, ordered whirlpools called vortices. This discovery helped scientists better understand how superconductors work and led to advancements in powerful electromagnets and medical imaging. His contributions earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, shared with other scientists for their work on superconductor theories.