5th Century BC

The 5th century BC spans from 500 to 401 years before the birth of Christ. This period was a time of remarkable cultural, political, and philosophical development in ancient Greece. It saw the rise of democracy in Athens, the construction of iconic landmarks like the Parthenon, and the works of influential philosophers such as Socrates and Herodotus. It also included victories in wars like the Persian Wars, which helped define Greek identity and power. Overall, this century was a foundation for Western civilization's ideas, arts, and political systems.