4th Millennium BCE

The 4th Millennium BCE, spanning roughly 4000 to 3000 BCE, was a period of significant development in human history. During this time, early civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt began forming organized societies, developing farming techniques, and establishing early cities. People invented writing systems (like cuneiform), built iconic structures such as the pyramids, and made advances in metallurgy and trade. It was a foundational era that laid the groundwork for future civilizations, characterized by technological innovation, social organization, and cultural growth across different regions of the world.