3Rs Strategies

The 3Rs—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—are ethical principles guiding responsible use of animals in research. Replacement encourages using non-animal methods when possible, like computer models or cell cultures. Reduction aims to use the fewest animals necessary to obtain reliable results, minimizing their numbers. Refinement involves modifying procedures to lessen pain, suffering, and distress for animals that are used, ensuring their welfare is prioritized. Together, these strategies promote more humane and ethical scientific practices while still achieving valuable research outcomes.