3D sound localization

3D sound localization is the ability of the brain to identify where a sound is coming from in three-dimensional space—left-right, front-back, and above-below. This process relies on differences in the timing, loudness, and quality of sounds reaching each ear. For example, sounds from the right reach the right ear slightly earlier and louder than the left, helping us pinpoint the source. Our brain also uses cues from sound reflections and changes in tone to determine elevation and distance, enabling a realistic perception of spatial sound environments, essential for navigation and awareness.